Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders
Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides in the world.The neonicotinoid imidacloprid is commonly applied to hemlock (Tsuga spp.) stands in eastern North America to reduce tree mortality from infestations of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae).While laboratory and mesocosm studies have determined t